Official name
Official language : Bahasa Indonesia (“Indonesian Language”)
: Republic of Indonesia
First coined as the language of one people and one nation in the Youth
Congress in Jakarta on 28 October 1928, 17 years before the Independence Declaration in 1945
Flag : Sang Saka Merah Putih (“The Sacred Red and White”), Sang Dwiwarna (The Bi-Color”)
Originated from the royal banner of Majapahit Empire that once ruled half Southeast Asia region from its base in Java Island in 1292-1500; red for courage and white for purity
National emblem
: Garuda Pancasila
Anthem : Indonesia Raya (“Great Indonesia”)
Originally composed by Mr. Wage Rudolf Supratman as opening performance of the Youth Congress in Jakarta on 28 October 1928, 17 years before the Independence Declaration in 1945
Basic Facts: Indonesia
Capital
: Jakarta (about 664,01 km2), in Jawa Island
Total area : about 1.9 million km2 land, 3.2 million km2 sea
Archipelago : 17,508 islands, 6,000 of which are inhabited; 81,000 km-long beach line
Main islands
: Kalimantan (544.150 km2), Sumatra (473.600 km2), Papua (418.707,7 km2), Sulawesi (174.600 km2), and Jawa (128.297 km2)
Population
: 283,4 million (World Bank)
Ethnic profile
: 330 ethnic groups; 580 local languages and dialects
Major religions
: Islam, Protestant, Catholic, Hindu, Buddhist, and Confucian
GDP per capita
: USD 5,300 (2026, World Bank)
Economic growth
: 5.2 % (2026, as projected by ADB)
Major export
: Coal, Palm Oil, Petroleum and natural gas, plywood, metal ores, textiles, mining, cement, food products, crude rubber, chemicals (material, compound and products), glass (material and products)
Major import : Heavy machinery, transportation and electrical equipment, chemicals
